Under the Companies Act 2013, the interests of minority shareholders in cases of oppression and mismanagement are primarily protected through which mechanism?

Under the Companies Act 2013, Sections 241 to 244 provide specific statutory protection to minority shareholders against oppression (conduct that is prejudicial and unjust) and mismanagement (conduct against public interest or company's interest). A member or group of members holding not less than one-tenth of the issued share capital (or 100 members, whichever is less) can approach the NCLT for relief. The NCLT has wide powers including regulating the conduct of affairs, restricting transfer of shares, appointing new directors, or even ordering winding up. SEBI jurisdiction is limited to listed companies for securities-related matters; writ petitions in High Courts address constitutional violations, not routine corporate disputes.