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    Question

    Vroom’s Expectancy Theory states that managerial

    actions that directly affect instrumentality include _____ 
    A Strengthening effort–performance linkage Correct Answer Incorrect Answer
    B Strengthening performance–reward linkage Correct Answer Incorrect Answer
    C Strengthening reward–goal linkage Correct Answer Incorrect Answer
    D Enhancing effort–goal congruence Correct Answer Incorrect Answer
    E Strengthening skill–performance linkage Correct Answer Incorrect Answer

    Solution

    According to Vroom, motivation is high when employees believe: • Effort will lead to performance (Expectancy) • Performance will lead to rewards (Instrumentality) • Rewards are valuable (Valence)

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