Under GST 2.0 (effective September 22, 2025), which of the following categories of goods were placed under the new 40% GST rate?

Under GST 2.0, a new 40% rate was introduced specifically for luxury and sin goods — categories that attract high taxation both for revenue generation and to discourage consumption. These include: lottery and online gaming, tobacco products, aerated beverages and drinks, high-end passenger cars, yachts, and private aircraft. This consolidated and simplified what was previously a complex combination of base GST rates plus compensation cess for such goods. The primary rate architecture under GST 2.0 moved to two main slabs (5% and 18%) for essential and standard goods, with the 40% rate as the top bracket for luxury/sin goods.