Which ethical theory holds that certain moral principles are universal, fixed, and applicable to all people regardless of culture or situation?

Ethical Absolutism (also called Moral Absolutism) holds that certain actions are inherently right or wrong, based on universal moral principles that apply to all people at all times, regardless of cultural context, circumstances, or consequences. This contrasts with Ethical Relativism, which holds that morality varies by culture or individual; Utilitarianism, which judges actions by outcomes; Virtue Ethics, which focuses on character; and Situational Ethics, which adapts moral judgments to specific circumstances. In financial regulation, absolute prohibitions (e.g., on insider trading) reflect absolutist thinking.