What happens if a bank is called upon to honor its obligations under a guarantee or L/C on behalf of directors?

If a bank is called upon to honor its obligations under a guarantee or Letter of Credit (L/C) on behalf of directors, it means that the principal debtor has defaulted in discharging their liability, and the bank is required to fulfill its obligations stated in the guarantee or L/C. However, the prescribed circular highlights that if such a situation arises, where the bank is called upon to honor its obligations, it may be deemed to be in violation of Section 20 of the Banking Regulation Act, 1949. Section 20 of the Banking Regulation Act, 1949 imposes restrictions on loans and advances to directors and firms in which they hold substantial interest. By extending guarantees or opening L/Cs on behalf of directors, the bank may potentially expose itself to the risk of becoming a creditor to the principal debtor and deviating from the provisions of Section 20. Therefore, the bank must take appropriate steps to ensure that the liabilities arising from such guarantees or L/Cs do not devolve on the bank, it should be ensured that: (a) adequate and effective arrangements have been made to the satisfaction of the bank that the commitments would be met by the openers of L/Cs, or acceptors, or guarantors out of their own resources, (b) the bank will not be called upon to grant any loan or advance to meet the liability consequent upon the invocation of guarantee, and (c) no liability would devolve on the bank on account of L/Cs/ acceptances.  Failing to do so may lead to the bank being considered in violation of the provisions of Section 20.