What does the term "Instrumental Conditioning" refer to?

Instrumental conditioning is often referred to as classical conditioning, as demonstrated by Pavlov's experiments with dogs. Classical conditioning involves pairing a neutral stimulus (CS) with an unconditioned stimulus (US) to evoke a conditioned response (CR). Through repeated association, the neutral stimulus becomes a conditioned stimulus capable of eliciting the learned response without the original stimulus. This process forms the basis of Pavlov's experiments on associative learning.