Question
Three statements are given, followed by three
conclusions numbered I, II and III. Assuming the statements to be true, even if they seem to be at variance with commonly known facts, decide which of the conclusions logically follow(s) from the statements. Statements: All Hill are Mountain Some Mountain are River No River is Valley Conclusions: I. Some Mountain are not Valley. II. Some Hill are River. III. No Hill is Valley.Solution
Some Mountain are River (I) + No River is Valley (E) → Some Mountain are not Valley (O). Hence conclusion I follows. All Hill are Mountain (A) + Some Mountain are River (I) → No conclusion. Hence neither conclusion II nor III follow.
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