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      Question

      Statements:       All affects are effects.

      >                                All effects are reactions.                                 All reactions are actions. Conclusions:       I. All actions may be reactions. II. Some reactions are not actions. III.All reactions are affects. In each of the questions below are given three statements followed by three conclusions numbered I, II and III. You have to take the given statements to be true even if they seem to be at variance with commonly known facts. Read all the conclusions and then decide which of given conclusions logically follows from the given statements disregarding commonly known facts.
      A Only I follows Correct Answer Incorrect Answer
      B Only II and III follow Correct Answer Incorrect Answer
      C Only I and III follow Correct Answer Incorrect Answer
      D All follow Correct Answer Incorrect Answer
      E None of these Correct Answer Incorrect Answer

      Solution

      All reactions are actions (A) ⇒ conversion = Some actions are reactions (I) ⇒ possible concl. ⇒All actions may be reactions (A). Hence, I follows. Here, all the given statements are positive statements and conclusion II is a negative conclusion. As we know that no negative define conclusion can be drawn from the positive statement, we can say that conclusion II will not follow. All affects are effects.(A) + All effects are reactions.(A) = All affects are reactions.(A) ⇒ conversion ⇒ Some reactions are affects.(I), Hence, conclusion III does not follow. Alternate method: Minimal possibilities:

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