Two contractors collude with each other to submit cover bids for a public tender, ensuring one of them wins at an inflated price. Under the Competition Act, 2002 this is:

Bid rigging - where enterprises agree to coordinate their bids so a particular party wins at a pre-determined price - is expressly an ANTI-COMPETITIVE AGREEMENT under Section 3(3)(d) of the Competition Act, 2002, and is presumed to have an appreciable adverse effect on competition. It operates to defraud the tendering process and harm the buyer. Section 3 applies to such cartelised behaviour whether or not any enterprise is dominant. The presumption in Section 3 makes such horizontal coordination unlawful per se. Bid rigging is thus distinct from an abuse-of-dominance inquiry under Section 4.