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      Question

      Which of the following correctly describes the

      relationship between Article 300 and Article 300A in the context of Part XII of the Constitution?
      A Article 300 deals with power to sue and be sued of the Union and States; Article 300A (post-amendment) secures that no person shall be deprived of property except by law; thus executive liability and property deprivation are handled separately, Article 300A limits executive to act under law for deprivation. Correct Answer Incorrect Answer
      B Article 300A supersedes Article 300. Correct Answer Incorrect Answer
      C Article 300 renders Article 300A inoperative. Correct Answer Incorrect Answer
      D Article 300A gives unfettered power to the State for property acquisition. Correct Answer Incorrect Answer
      E Article 300 applies only to Municipalities. Correct Answer Incorrect Answer

      Solution

      The Eleventh and Twelfth Schedules play a crucial role in decentralization by listing subjects that may be devolved to Panchayats and Municipalities respectively. These include education, health, sanitation, and social welfare. While legislative competence remains with States, these Schedules constitutionally mandate meaningful decentralization. The Supreme Court has emphasized that decentralization is part of the constitutional vision of participatory democracy. Together, these Schedules operationalize the Directive Principles relating to local self-government, particularly Article 40.

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