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    Question

    Which of the following is correct about the “guiding

    principles” the Supreme Court used in Minerva Mills (1980) regarding amendments?
    A Parliament may ignore Fundamental Rights to achieve Directive Principles. Correct Answer Incorrect Answer
    B Amendments cannot abrogate the harmony and balance between Fundamental Rights and Directive Principles which are part of the basic structure. Correct Answer Incorrect Answer
    C Directive Principles are superior to Fundamental Rights. Correct Answer Incorrect Answer
    D Minerva Mills abolished judicial review. Correct Answer Incorrect Answer
    E Minerva Mills made the Ninth Schedule absolute. Correct Answer Incorrect Answer

    Solution

    The judgment in Minerva Mills v. Union of India (1980) reaffirmed the constitutional balance between Fundamental Rights (Part III) and Directive Principles of State Policy (Part IV) as an essential feature of the basic structure. The Court struck down constitutional amendments that attempted to give uncontrolled primacy to DPSPs over Fundamental Rights, holding that harmony between the two Parts is the Constitution’s core philosophy. Article 31C, as amended, was invalidated to the extent it excluded judicial review. The ruling reinforced that socio-economic goals must be pursued without destroying civil liberties, ensuring that neither individual rights nor welfare objectives dominate absolutely.

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