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      Question

      Which of the following is true regarding the role of the

      President in promulgating regulations for Scheduled Areas under Article 244(1) of the Constitution?
      A The President has no role under Article 244(1). Correct Answer Incorrect Answer
      B Article 244(1) allows the President to make regulations for Scheduled Areas in some cases, especially where governor’s regulation is not adequate; the President may also make regulations under Article 370 (historically) for J&K, this illustrates multiple executive overlay mechanisms. Correct Answer Incorrect Answer
      C The President can make regulations only by Constitutional Amendment. Correct Answer Incorrect Answer
      D Article 244(1) permits the President to dissolve state legislatures. Correct Answer Incorrect Answer
      E The President’s regulations cannot be challenged. Correct Answer Incorrect Answer

      Solution

      Under Article 244(1) read with the Fifth Schedule, the President plays a supervisory role in the administration of Scheduled Areas. The Governor submits reports to the President regarding the administration of such areas, and the President may issue directions. This layered control mechanism reflects constitutional concern for the protection of Scheduled Tribes against exploitation. In Samatha v. State of Andhra Pradesh, the Supreme Court emphasized that tribal welfare is a constitutional priority and that executive actions inconsistent with Fifth Schedule protections are invalid. Presidential oversight thus reinforces constitutional trusteeship over tribal interests.

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