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    Question

    Article 243ZA–ZH (various follow-up articles) of the

    Constitution relate to Panchayat finance. Which of the following is constitutionally mandated about State Finance Commissions (SFCs) under Article 243-I?
    A They must be set up by the President. Correct Answer Incorrect Answer
    B States must constitute an SFC every five years to review the financial position of Panchayats and recommend measures for devolution of funds, functions and functionaries. Correct Answer Incorrect Answer
    C SFC recommendations are binding and cannot be altered by the State Legislature. Correct Answer Incorrect Answer
    D SFCs are optional advisory committees created only on request from Panchayats. Correct Answer Incorrect Answer
    E SFCs are part of the Finance Commission. Correct Answer Incorrect Answer

    Solution

    Article 338 establishes the National Commission for Scheduled Castes, while Article 338A establishes the National Commission for Scheduled Tribes. These commissions are constitutional bodies tasked with investigating safeguards provided to SCs and STs, inquiring into complaints, and advising governments. Though their recommendations are not binding, they carry significant constitutional weight. In All India Indian Overseas Bank SC/ST Employees’ Welfare Association v. Union of India, the Supreme Court recognized the importance of these commissions in enforcing constitutional protections. They act as watchdogs to ensure substantive equality under Articles 14, 15, and 46.

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