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    Question

    Which of the following correctly states the limits on

    Parliament under Article 249 of the Constitution (residuary power to legislate on state subjects in national interest)?
    A Parliament may legislate on State List subjects if Rajya Sabha passes a resolution by two-thirds majority that it is necessary in national interest; such law will cease after one year unless ratified by states. Correct Answer Incorrect Answer
    B Article 249 allows Parliament unlimited power to legislate for states whenever it wishes. Correct Answer Incorrect Answer
    C Article 249 only applies to financial bills. Correct Answer Incorrect Answer
    D Article 249 empowers the President to legislate directly. Correct Answer Incorrect Answer
    E Article 249 requires approval by all state governors. Correct Answer Incorrect Answer

    Solution

    Article 249 empowers Parliament to legislate on matters in the State List when the Rajya Sabha passes a resolution supported by not less than two-thirds of members present and voting, declaring such legislation necessary in the national interest. This provision reflects a constitutional mechanism to address issues transcending state boundaries while preserving federal principles through procedural safeguards. The power is temporary, limited to the duration of the resolution and six months thereafter. Courts have upheld this provision as a valid expression of cooperative federalism, ensuring flexibility without permanently undermining State autonomy.

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