Which doctrine ensures that decisions affecting rights

Solution

The Principles of Natural Justice are fundamental to fair administrative procedure. The two key rules are: 1. Audi Alteram Partem – "Hear the other side" (no one should be condemned unheard) 2. Nemo Judex in Causa Sua – "No one shall be a judge in his own cause" These principles are not codified in a statute but are implicit in fairness and rule of law, and are enforceable through judicial review. • Landmark Case: Maneka Gandhi v. Union of India (1978) – SC held that fair procedure is essential under Article 21. • Relevance: Used to challenge arbitrary administrative actions.