Question

Under s.17 of the Indian Contract Act 1872, mere silence as to facts likely to affect the willingness of a person to enter into a contract is not fraud:

A Unless the circumstances of the case show that it was the duty of the person keeping silence to speak, or that his silence is itself equivalent to speech.
B In any circumstances whatsoever, since silence as to material facts can never be treated as fraudulent in law.
C Unless the facts concealed relate to the subject-matter of the contract and are material to the bargain between the parties.
D Unless the other party has asked a specific question about those facts and the silence amounts to an evasion of that question.
E Unless a written contract document has been executed between the parties, the writing being the only source of a duty to disclose.
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