Under the proviso to sub-section (2) of Section 23 of the Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam, 2023 (BS

The proviso to sub-section (2) of Section 23 of the BSA, 2023 (which corresponds to the former Section 27 of the Indian Evidence Act, 1872) provides that when any fact is deposed to as discovered in consequence of information received from a person accused of any offence, in the custody of a police officer, so much of such information, whether it amounts to a confession or not, as relates distinctly to the fact discovered, may be proved. This provision carves out a limited exception to the general rule against admissibility of confessions made to police officers. The Supreme Court in Pulukuri Kottaya v. Emperor (1947) clarified that the 'fact discovered' includes the physical object found, the place from which it is produced, and the knowledge of the accused as to this-but not the entire confessional narrative.