A prosecution offers an ELECTRONIC RECORD as its principal evidence, but the defence disputes its authenticity and integrity, objecting to the absence of the prescribed certificate. Under the Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam, 2023 (Section 63), the court:

Section 63 of the BSA (the successor to Section 65B of the old Evidence Act) has been read by the courts to require a certificate for drawing upon electronic evidence, but in a FUNCTIONAL, non-literal manner: the certificate's absence does not automatically render the record inadmissible where the court is otherwise satisfied of its integrity in the interests of justice, and the certificate requirement is not an intractable gate. The courts have repeatedly cautioned against rejecting electronic records on hyper-technical certificate grounds and allowed corrections/conditional admission. Electronic evidence is therefore admissible where its integrity is sufficiently assured. This balanced view is the governing recent position.