Question

Transaction T1 runs 'SELECT COUNT(*) FROM Orders WHERE Amount > 1000' twice within the same transaction. Between the two reads, T2 inserts a new qualifying row and commits. T1's second count is higher than the first. What phenomenon is this, and which isolation level is specifically required to fully prevent it?

A Lost update; prevented only by snapshot isolation
B Phantom read; prevented by READ UNCOMMITTED isolation level
C Phantom read; prevented by SERIALIZABLE isolation level
D Non-repeatable read; fully prevented by REPEATABLE READ isolation level in every database
E Dirty read; prevented by READ COMMITTED isolation level
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