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      Question

      What are 'Design Patterns' in software

      engineering?
      A Graphical UI templates for consistent application appearance Correct Answer Incorrect Answer
      B Reusable solutions to commonly occurring problems in software design Correct Answer Incorrect Answer
      C Database schema templates for common business applications Correct Answer Incorrect Answer
      D Network architecture blueprints for enterprise systems Correct Answer Incorrect Answer
      E Security frameworks for common vulnerabilities in applications Correct Answer Incorrect Answer

      Solution

      Design patterns are proven templates for solving recurring design problems. Creational (object creation): Singleton (one instance — e.g., database connection pool), Factory, Abstract Factory, Builder, Prototype.  Structural (composing objects): Adapter, Bridge, Composite, Decorator, Facade.  Behavioural (object interaction): Observer, Strategy, Command, Template Method, Iterator. In banking Singleton pattern is used for connection pools, Observer for transaction notifications and Strategy for different interest calculation algorithms.

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