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      Question

      What is 'virtual memory' in Operating

      Systems?
      A Memory installed on the graphics card for proper rendering of graphics Correct Answer Incorrect Answer
      B Memory shared between virtual machines on a hypervisor Correct Answer Incorrect Answer
      C Encrypted memory used to store sensitive data securely Correct Answer Incorrect Answer
      D A technique that uses a portion of the hard disk/SSD as an extension of RAM Correct Answer Incorrect Answer
      E Temporary memory cleared on every system reboot Correct Answer Incorrect Answer

      Solution

      Virtual memory uses a swap file/partition on disk to extend apparent RAM. Pages of inactive processes are moved to disk (page out / swap out), freeing physical RAM for active processes. When needed, they are loaded back (page in / swap in). Accessed via paging or segmentation. The MMU (Memory Management Unit) handles virtual-to-physical address translation using page tables. Excessive swapping causes thrashing. Banks run memory-intensive core banking applications and must size RAM appropriately to minimize swapping.

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