Question

What is a 'hash function' in cryptography and what property makes it suitable for password storage?

Q: Answer-What is a 'hash function' in cryptography and what property makes it suitable for password storage?

Hash functions SHA-256, bcrypt, Argon2 produce a fixed-length digest from any input. They are deterministic same input same hash, one-way cannot reverse the hash to get the password, and have avalanche effect tiny input change completely different hash. Databases store password hashes, not plain text if the database is breached, attackers cannot recover passwords. Salt random string added before hashing prevents rainbow table attacks.

A A function that encrypts data and can be reversed using a decryption key — suitable because of its reversibility

B A function that converts input data of any size into a fixed-size output and is irreversible — suitable because the original password cannot be derived from the hash

C A function that compresses data for efficient storage — suitable for its space efficiency as compressed data takes up less space

D A function that generates random encryption keys — suitable for its unpredictability

E A function that sorts data alphabetically — suitable for quick password lookup

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What is a 'hash function' in cryptography and what property makes it suitable for password storage?

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