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      Question

      What is the purpose of 'indexing' in a

      database?
      A To encrypt table columns for security Correct Answer Incorrect Answer
      B To create a backup copy of important tables so as to minimize data loss Correct Answer Incorrect Answer
      C To create a data structure that speeds up data retrieval operations Correct Answer Incorrect Answer
      D To normalize table data to reduce redundancy and increase efficiency Correct Answer Incorrect Answer
      E To partition a large table across multiple servers Correct Answer Incorrect Answer

      Solution

      A database index (typically a B-tree or hash structure) stores column values and pointers to corresponding rows, allowing the database engine to find data without scanning every row (full table scan). Without an index on CustomerID, querying a table of 10 million bank customers requires checking all rows. The trade-off: indexes consume disk space and slow down INSERT/UPDATE/DELETE operations. Clustered index determines physical row order; non-clustered indexes are separate structures.

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