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      Question

      Consider the following sequence of stack operations: PUSH(10) โ†’ PUSH(20) โ†’ PUSH(30) โ†’ POP() โ†’ PUSH(40) โ†’ POP() โ†’ POP() What is the final state of the stack and what were the values returned by the three POP operations?

      A Stack contains [10, 20]; POP returned 30, 40, 20 in that order Correct Answer Incorrect Answer
      B Stack contains [10, 40]; POP returned 30, 20, 10 in that order Correct Answer Incorrect Answer
      C Stack contains [10, 20]; POP returned 10, 20, 30 in that order Correct Answer Incorrect Answer
      D Stack is empty; POP returned 40, 30, 20 in that order Correct Answer Incorrect Answer
      E Stack contains [10]; POP returned 30, 40, 20 in that order Correct Answer Incorrect Answer

      Solution

      Tracing each operation step by step (LIFO โ€” Last In First Out): PUSH(10) โ†’ Stack: [10] (bottom to top)ย  PUSH(20) โ†’ Stack: [10, 20]ย  PUSH(30) โ†’ Stack: [10, 20, 30]ย  POP() โ†’ Removes 30 (top). Stack: [10, 20]. Returns: 30ย  PUSH(40) โ†’ Stack: [10, 20, 40]ย  POP() โ†’ Removes 40 (top). Stack: [10, 20]. Returns: 40ย  POP() โ†’ Removes 20 (top). Stack: [10]. Returns: 20 Final state: Stack = [10] (only 10 remains at bottom). POP operations returned: 30, then 40, then 20.ย 

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