Question
Consider the following Python code: class
Shape:   def area(self):     return 0 class Circle(Shape):   def __ init __ (self, radius):     self.radius = radius   def area(self):     return 3.14 * self.radius * self.radius s = Shape() c = Circle(5) print(s.area()) print(c.area()) What is the output of this code?Solution
This code demonstrates polymorphism in Python. 1. Base Class Behavior: The Shape class has an area method returning 0 by default, which is inherited but overridden by the Circle class. 2. Derived Class Behavior: The Circle class redefines the area method to calculate the area of a circle using the formula πr² . 3. Output: o The first call (s.area()) invokes the area method in Shape, returning 0. o The second call (c.area()) invokes the overridden area method in Circle, calculating and returning 78.5. This demonstrates inheritance and method overriding. Why Other Options Are Incorrect: • B) 0 followed by 0: The second call correctly calculates the circle's area. • C) 78.5 followed by 78.5: The first call uses the Shape class's method, which returns 0. • D) None followed by 78.5: The area method in Shape returns 0, not None. • E) Throws an error due to missing area method in Shape: The Shape class defines the area method.
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