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Breadth-First Search (BFS) is an algorithm used to explore graphs or trees. It systematically explores all nodes at the current depth level before moving to the next level. This feature is crucial in several scenarios, especially when dealing with unweighted graphs or trees, where BFS ensures the shortest path from the root (or starting node) to any other node is found as soon as the node is reached. How BFS Works: BFS starts at a root node and explores all of its immediate neighbors (nodes directly connected to the root). Then, it moves to the neighbors of those neighbors, and so on, gradually exploring all reachable nodes level by level. BFS typically uses a queue data structure to maintain the list of nodes to explore next, ensuring that nodes are processed in the correct order. For example, given an unweighted graph:
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