Which of the following protocols is primarily responsible for translating domain names into IP addresses in a network? 

The Domain Name System (DNS) is an essential protocol that operates at the application layer of the OSI and TCP/IP models. It translates human-readable domain names  into IP addresses (like 192.0.2.1), which are necessary for locating devices on a network. DNS plays a pivotal role in the functioning of the internet by making it easier for users to access websites using familiar names rather than complex numerical addresses. Without DNS, users would need to memorize the IP addresses of each website they want to visit, which would make web browsing impractical. Why other options are wrong: a) FTP (File Transfer Protocol) : FTP is used for transferring files between clients and servers, not for resolving domain names. c) SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol) : SMTP is responsible for sending and receiving email, not domain name resolution. d) HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol) : HTTP is the protocol used for accessing web content, but it does not translate domain names to IP addresses. e) Telnet : Telnet is used for remote command-line access but has nothing to do with domain name resolution.