Which of the following testing techniques requires no knowledge of the internal code structure of the software? 

Black Box Testing is a software testing technique where the tester evaluates the functionality of an application without any knowledge of the internal code structure, implementation, or paths. Testers focus on input and output to ensure that the software meets its specified requirements. The key aspect of black box testing is its emphasis on testing from the user’s perspective, making it highly useful for validating functionality, usability, and user experience. Why other options are wrong: a) White Box Testing : Requires knowledge of the internal structure, code, and logic of the software. Testers assess code paths, conditions, and loops. c) Unit Testing : Involves testing individual code units or components, often performed by developers with a detailed understanding of the internal logic. d) Integration Testing : Focuses on testing the interaction between software modules and often requires knowledge of the system’s architecture. e) Static Testing : Involves reviewing the code, documents, or designs without executing the program, but it requires knowledge of the codebase.