Which of the following is an advantage of using threads over processes in a modern operating system?

Threads are lightweight units of a process, sharing the same memory space but running independently. One of the major advantages of threads over processes is that threads use fewer resources and have lower context-switching overhead. When switching between processes, the entire process context (memory, registers, etc.) needs to be saved and restored, which is expensive in terms of time and memory usage. In contrast, threads within the same process share the same address space, so switching between threads involves much less work, only changing the thread’s execution context (stack and registers). This makes multithreading a more efficient way to handle concurrent tasks within the same application. Threads also share code and data segments, which saves memory space compared to processes where each has its own independent memory space. Hence, using threads improves the performance of applications, especially those that require frequent task switching. Why Other Options Are Wrong: A) Threads are more secure than processes: Threads are not more secure than processes because they share the same memory space. A bug or security flaw in one thread can affect others. C) Threads cannot access each other's memory: Threads actually share memory, which makes data sharing easy but also increases the risk of errors and race conditions. D) Threads always execute faster than processes in any condition: Threads can improve performance, but it depends on the application and system. Sometimes, process-based parallelism is better. E) Threads are more robust and resistant to crashes than processes: If one thread crashes, it can potentially crash the whole process, making threads less robust than processes in terms of fault isolation.