Two statements are given below, one labeled as Assertion

Solution

• The Arya Samaj was founded by Swami Dayananda Saraswati in 1875 in Bombay. • It aimed at reforming Hindu society by promoting self-confidence and self-reliance among Hindus, opposing idolatry, and returning to the authority of the Vedas. • The movement also challenged the superiority of the white race and criticized foreign domination over India. • Therefore, both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true, but Reason (R) is not the correct explanation of Assertion (A). The Arya Samaj’s emphasis on self-confidence among Hindus was primarily linked to religious and social reforms rather than directly challenging racial superiority. Thus, the correct answer is (b).