Regarding the social reformer Raja Rammohan Roy, which

Solution

• Raja Rammohan Roy is known as the "Father of Modern India" and the "Harbinger of the Bengal Renaissance." • He studied the essence of the Vedas as well as Christian Unitarianism, and other social-religious texts deeply. Thus, statement (b) is correct. • He translated the Upanishads into Bengali to make their ideas accessible to a larger audience. Thus, statement (c) is correct. • He founded his first organization, the Atmiya Sabha, in 1815 in Calcutta to promote social and religious reforms. Thus, statement (d) is correct. • However, statement (a) is incorrect: Rammohan Roy did not primarily belong to the aristocratic class whose power was directly affected by the Permanent Settlement. His reformist activities were broader and motivated by a desire for religious, social, and educational reform rather than personal class grievances. Thus, the incorrect statement is (a).