Which of the following have been described as the

Solution

● Option 1 is incorrect: Though Preamble is an important part of the constitution it is not considered as conscience of the constitution by Granvill Austin.N.A. Palkhivala called it as the ‘identity card of the constitution’ ● Option 2 and 3 are correct: Fundamental rights are the 'keystone' of democracy as they are 'guaranteed' by law and the Directive Principles constitute a significant part of the Constitution. Therefore, the Directive Principles and the Fundamental Rights have been described as the 'Conscience of the Constitution' by Granville Austin ● Option 4 is incorrect: Fundamental duties are not considered as conscience of the constitution by Granvill Austin.