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      Question

      The Poverty Alleviation Programs in India can be mainly

      grouped into how many groups and which are these groups? 
      A Two Groups: Rural poverty alleviation programmes and Urban poverty alleviation programmes. Correct Answer Incorrect Answer
      B Two Groups: Food security programmes, and Rural poverty alleviation programmes Correct Answer Incorrect Answer
      C Three Groups: Self-employment programmes, Food security programmes, and Urban poverty alleviation programmes Correct Answer Incorrect Answer
      D Three Groups: Wage employment programmes, Food security programmes and Urban poverty alleviation programmes Correct Answer Incorrect Answer
      E Five Groups: Wage employment programmes, Self-employment programmes, Food security programmes, Social security programmes and Urban poverty alleviation programmes Correct Answer Incorrect Answer

      Solution

      The poverty alleviation programmes in India can be categorized based on whether it is targeted for rural areas or urban areas. Most of the programmes are designed to target rural poverty as the prevalence of the poverty is high in rural areas. Also targeting of the poverty is challenging in rural areas due to various geographic and infrastructure limitations. The five-year plans immediately after independence tried to focus on poverty alleviation through sectoral programmes. The first five-year plan focused on agricultural production as a way of addressing poverty while second and third plans focused on massive state led investments for employment generation in public sector. 

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