Question
Biological importance of gluconic acid
isSolution
1. Dual Biological Roles of Gluconic Acid: A) Food Applications: a. Acts as a natural acidulant (E574 food additive) b. Provides mild sourness (pH 3.5-4.5) in: • Wines (balances sweetness) • Fruit juices (enhances flavor) • Baked goods (leavening agent) c. Approved by FSSAI as pH regulator B) Agricultural Applications: d. Chelates metal ions (Fe³⁺, Ca²⁺, Mg²⁺) in: • Fertilizers (improves micronutrient absorption) • Irrigation systems (prevents mineral deposits) e. Used in 30% of commercial micronutrient fertilizers 2. Chemical Properties: a. Organic acid (C₆H₁₂O₇) derived from glucose oxidation b. Forms stable complexes with divalent cations 3. Regulatory Status: a. GRAS (Generally Recognized As Safe) by FDA b. Permitted under FSSAI Regulation 3.1.3 4. Why Other Options Are Incomplete: a. (A) or (B) alone only describe partial functionality b. (D) contradicts established biochemical evidence 5. Industrial Production: a. Microbial fermentation (Aspergillus niger) - 85% global production b. Electrochemical oxidation - emerging technology Technical Note: In wines, gluconic acid concentration >1g/L indicates Botrytis cinerea infection (noble rot). Safety: • ADI (Acceptable Daily Intake): 0-50 mg/kg body weight (JECFA) • Banned in infant foods (FSSAI Regulation 2.4) This dual-role functionality makes gluconic acid unique among food acids, justifying the comprehensive answer (C).
If the expressions G < L ≤ J > B, J ≤ A and G > H are true, which of the following conclusions will be definitely false?
Statement: F > E = L ≤ V ≤ P = C
Conclusions:
I. C > E
II. E = C
III. F > P
IV. C ≥ E
...Statements: V > I; W = U < I; V < X = Y ≥ Z
Conclusions:
I. Y > U
II. Z ≤ I
III. W < Y
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A statement is given, followed by four conclusions given in the options. Find out which conclusion is true based on the given statement.
Statemen...
In the question, assuming the given statements to be true, Find which of the conclusion (s) among given three conclusions is /are definitely true and t...
In the question, assuming the given statements to be true, find which of the conclusion (s) among given three conclusions is /are definitely true and t...
In the question assuming the given statements to be true, find which of the conclusion(s) among given three conclusions is/are definitely follows and ...
Statements: S @ O, O & E, E $ K, K # C
Conclusions: I. S @ K II. K @ O III. C @ E
...Statements: B ≥ C > D ≤ E ≤ F ≤ G
Conclusions:I. D = G II. D < G