Question
Which one of the following is used as catalyst in
hydrogenation of oil?Solution
1. Process Details: a. Nickel catalyst (Raney nickel) at 120-190°C b. Converts liquid oils → semi-solid fats (e.g., vanaspati) 2. Why Nickel? a. High surface area (150 m²/g) b. Selective for cis→trans conversion 3. Health Concern: a. Residual Ni limit: ≤1.5 ppm (FSSAI standards) b. Linked to cardiovascular diseases 4. Alternatives: a. Palladium (expensive) b. Enzymatic hydrogenation (emerging tech)
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Steady state environment comprising of a special blend of Oxygen, Nitrogen and carbon dioxide monitored and maintained to extend the shelf life of cert...
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a)Â Â Â Â Â Â To extend the period during which a food remains wholesome
b)Â Â Â ...
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