Question

Which of the following pairs correctly matches a motivation theory with its key concept?
I.   Herzberg's Two-Factor Theory — Hygiene factors prevent dissatisfaction but do not motivate; Motivators drive positive motivation.
II.  Vroom's Expectancy Theory — Motivation is a function of expectation that effort leads to performance, performance leads to reward, and the reward is valued.
III. McGregor's Theory Y — Employees are inherently lazy, avoid responsibility, and must be coerced to achieve organisational objectives.
IV.  McClelland's Need Theory — Individuals are motivated by three learned needs: Achievement (nAch), Affiliation (nAff), and Power (nPow). Which of the above is/are correctly matched?

A I, II and IV only
B I and III only
C II, III and IV only
D I and IV only
E All four are correctly matched
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