In the context of banking regulation, what is the key difference between 'resolution' and 'liquidation' of a failing bank?

Resolution of a failing financial institution refers to a set of regulatory tools such as merger with a stronger bank, recapitalisation, bail-in, or transfer of assets and liabilities used to restore the institution to viability or enable its orderly exit without causing systemic damage, while protecting depositors and critical financial services. Liquidation, in contrast, involves formally winding up the institution: assets are sold, proceeds are used to repay creditors in order of priority (depositors, then bondholders, then shareholders), and the bank ceases to exist. The Financial Resolution and Deposit Insurance (FRDI) Bill, proposed but later withdrawn, sought to create a formal resolution framework for financial institutions in India.