Which of the following most accurately defines Organisational Culture in the context of management?

Organisational Culture refers to the informal, often unwritten system of shared values, beliefs, assumptions, and behavioural patterns that characterise a particular organisation. It shapes the work environment, influences how decisions are made, how employees treat each other and customers, and is often described as 'the way things are done around here'. Edgar Schein's three-level model identifies artefacts (visible elements), espoused values (stated principles), and basic underlying assumptions (deeply held beliefs) as the layers of organisational culture. It is distinct from formal rules, strategy, or compensation systems.