With reference to United Nations Development Programme

Solution

Human Development’ is the key enabler for upward social mobility. The challenges posed by the aftermath of the peak of the Covid-19 pandemic in 2020 and 2021 and the ensuing Russia-Ukraine conflict in 2022 have impacted the development trajectory of India and the world. Hence, statement 3 is correct. In the wake of these developments, there was a global decline in human development. According to a United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) report, 90 percent of countries have registered a reduction in their Human Development Index (HDI) value in 2020 or 2021, indicating that human development across the world has stalled for the first time in 32 years. Hence, statement 1 is correct. India ranked 132 out of 191 countries and territories in the 2021/2022 HDI report. India’s HDI value of 0.633 in 2021 places the country in the medium human development category, lower than its value of 0.645 in 2019. Hence, statement 2 is correct.