Question

Consider the following Statements about the "contingency approach" to management and choose the option with Correct Statements. I- It was emerged as a response to the limitations of earlier universalistic management theories, posits that the effectiveness of specific management practices and organizational structures is intrinsically linked to a complex interplay of factors, including the organization's size, industry, culture, technological sophistication, and the dynamism and complexity of its external environment. II- There is a single, universally applicable set of management principles that can be applied to all organizations, regardless of their unique context or circumstances. III- The optimal management approach is contingent upon the specific internal and external factors that characterize an organization, necessitating flexibility and adaptation. IV- Organizations should focus on passively adapting to their external environment, accepting it as an uncontrollable force that dictates their strategies and actions.

A I & III
B I, II & III
C I & IV
D II & III
E I, II & IV
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