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In part A: The past perfect passive structure (had been + past participle) is used when something is acted upon by an external force. However, in this sentence, the structure itself performed the action of serving as the headquarters. Since "serve as" means "to function as," there is no external action being performed on the subject. "Serve as" is an idiomatic expression that means "to act in the capacity of" or "to fulfill a role." This phrase is always used in the active voice. In part D: The incorrect preposition "for" is used after "homage." The correct phrase is "pay homage to", not "pay homage for." "Homage" means respect or tribute, and it is always paid to someone or something, not "for" something. Hence ,the correct phrase is- "paid homage to its past."
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