Choose the correct one-word substitute for: “A government controlled by the rich and powerful.”

The correct option is (c). A government controlled by the rich and wealthy class is called a Plutocracy. The word plutocracy refers to a system in which power belongs to those with great wealth, and decisions are influenced by money rather than equal public welfare (Hindi meaning: धनतंत्र/धनवानों का शासन). Example: Critics argued that the policy reforms were turning the country into a plutocracy. Meanings of the given other options: Option A: Oligarchy – rule by a small group of people, not necessarily rich (Hindi meaning: अल्पतंत्र). Option B: Bureaucracy – administration by government officials and departments (Hindi meaning: नौकरशाही). Option D: Technocracy – government run by technical experts (Hindi meaning: तकनीकी विशेषज्ञों का शासन). So the correct answer is (c)