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    • Question

      If a country's real interest rate (r) is higher than its

      real GDP growth rate ($g$), and it is running a primary deficit, the Debt-to-GDP ratio will:
      A Decrease automatically over time. Correct Answer Incorrect Answer
      B Converge to a stable equilibrium. Correct Answer Incorrect Answer
      C Explode (increase indefinitely). Correct Answer Incorrect Answer
      D Remain constant. Correct Answer Incorrect Answer

      Solution

      This is a core concept in debt dynamics. If the cost of borrowing (r) is higher than the rate at which the economy is growing (g), the interest on the old debt grows faster than the ability to pay it back. When you add a "primary deficit" (spending more than you earn, even before interest), the debt spirals out of control. This is why the RBI and Finance Ministry closely monitor the r-g differential.

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