Question
Which sampling method is used when the population is divided into homogeneous groups (strata), and a random sample is taken from each group?
Solution
- Stratified Random Sampling:  The population is first divided into distinct, non-overlapping subgroups called strata  that are homogeneous internally (e.g., strata based on income level, region, profession). Then, a simple random sample is drawn from each stratum . This ensures representation from all important subgroups.
- Contrast:  Cluster Sampling  divides the population into heterogeneous clusters (e.g., city blocks), and a random sample of clusters is chosen, with all members in chosen clusters surveyed. Systematic Sampling  picks every k-th member from a list. Convenience Sampling  is non-random and based on ease of access.
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