When was the AMRUT Scheme launched?

Read the following passage and answer the Questions (Q no. 1 to 4) based on the passage. The development of small cities plays a crucial role in fostering balanced economic growth, enhancing the quality of life, and promoting regional stability. While large metropolitan areas tend to dominate in terms of investment and attention, focusing on smaller cities can lead to numerous positive outcomes for both the local population and the national economy. One of the primary benefits of developing small cities is the potential for economic diversification. Many of these cities rely heavily on a few key industries, making them particularly vulnerable to economic fluctuations. By investing in the growth and modernization of smaller urban areas, new industries can be attracted, leading to a more diversified local economy. This, in turn, creates new employment opportunities, helping to reduce the dependence on a single sector and providing greater economic resilience. In addition to economic growth, the development of small cities can help alleviate the strain on larger urban centers. Major cities often face issues such as overcrowding, traffic congestion, and a shortage of affordable housing. As small cities develop, they can offer an alternative to these overpopulated areas, allowing for more evenly distributed migration patterns. This not only eases the pressure on larger cities but also creates more sustainable living environments in smaller regions. Furthermore, improving infrastructure, healthcare, education, and public services in small cities significantly enhances the quality of life for residents. These developments attract talent, reduce the brain drain towards larger urban centers, and foster a more connected and prosperous local community. As small cities become more attractive places to live and work, they can retain their local talent and even draw people back from larger cities.