For how long must an asset remain a Non-Performing Asset (NP

• As per RBI’s prudential norms on income recognition, asset classification, and provisioning (IRACP): o An asset classified as NPA (where interest/principal has remained overdue for >90 days) is treated as substandard if it remains in the NPA category for up to 12 months. o Substandard assets indicate well-defined credit weaknesses that jeopardize recovery unless corrective action is taken. o Beyond 12 months in NPA status, the asset is reclassified as a doubtful asset. o If recovery is deemed practically impossible, it becomes a loss asset.