Question

A farmer applies a nitrogenous fertiliser to his field under warm, moist, well-aerated soil conditions, but soil tests conducted a few weeks later reveal a significant loss of applied nitrogen despite no evidence of leaching or runoff, and the field was never waterlogged (ruling out denitrification). Which nitrogen loss mechanism, particularly significant when fertiliser is surface-broadcast on alkaline soil without incorporation, is most likely responsible?

A Immobilisation by soil microorganisms
B Ammonia volatilisation
C Nitrification (which does not itself cause nitrogen loss)
D Fixation by clay minerals
E Erosion of topsoil
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