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    Question

    When predators interact with prey populations in an

    ecological setting, which of the following combinations of responses typically occur due to changes in prey density?
    A A numerical response Correct Answer Incorrect Answer
    B A functional response Correct Answer Incorrect Answer
    C A lag effect Correct Answer Incorrect Answer
    D a., b., and c. Correct Answer Incorrect Answer
    E a. and b. only Correct Answer Incorrect Answer

    Solution

    Predators often respond to changes in prey density via numerical responses (change in predator population), functional responses (change in feeding rate), and lag effects (time delay in response due to life cycle). All three play roles in population dynamics.

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