Question
Statements: Apples # Banana Pears % Banana Papaya &
Banana Grapes # Papaya Conclusions: I. Apples % Pears II. Grapes ≤ Papaya III. Pears $ Papaya IV. Grapes & Apples In the questions given below, there are four statements followed by some conclusions. You have to take the four given statements to be true even if they seem to be at variance from commonly known facts. Read all the conclusions and then decide which of the given conclusions logically follows from the given statements disregarding commonly known facts. If 'F@G' means "All F are G", 'F#G' means "Only a few G is F", 'F$G' means "All F can be G". 'F≤G' means "Some G are not F". 'F%G' means "Some F are G", 'F&G' means "No F is G"Solution
Statements: Only a few Banana is Apples Some Pears is Banana No Papaya is Banana Only a few Papaya is Grapes Conclusions: I. Some Apples are Pears II. Some Papayas are not Grapes III. All Pears can be Papaya IV. No Grapes is Apples Some Pears is Banana (I) + Only a few Banana is Apples (I) → No conclusion. Hence conclusion I does not follow. Only a few Papaya is Grapes → Some Papayas are not Grapes. Hence conclusion II follows. Some Pears is Banana (I) + [No Papaya is Banana (E) → Conversion] → No Banana is Papaya (E) → Some Pears are not Papaya (O) → Probable conclusion → Some Pears can be Papaya (I). Hence conclusion III does not follow. No Papaya is Banana (E) + Only a few Banana is Apples (I) → Some Apples are not Papayas (O) + Only a few Papaya is Grapes (I) → No conclusion. Hence conclusion IV does not follow.
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