John Austin's concept of "law" in his positivist theory

Solution

Explanation:
John Austin, in his seminal work The Province of Jurisprudence Determined (1832), propounded the Command Theory of Law within the Legal Positivist school. According to Austin, law is defined by three essential elements: ​ 1.    Command A wish of a superior (sovereign) expressed to an inferior 2.    Duty The obligation imposed on the inferior to obey 3.    Sanction The evil or punishment that follows disobedience The sovereign, in Austin's theory, is a person or body of persons who receives habitual obedience from the bulk of society but does not habitually obey any other superior. This distinguishes "positive law" from morality, religion, or natural law. Option B confuses law with morality, Austin sharply separates the two (the "separation thesis.